Murdur Innovation

Electric motors and generators, the group of devices for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means (see Energy). One machine, the mechanical energy into electricity is a generator, alternator or generator, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is also used as a motor.

Two physical principles which underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered British scientist Michael Faraday in 1831. When a conductor through a magnetic field, or, if the strength of the magnetic field on the conducting loop is varied, a current is set up or induced in the conductor (see induction). The discussion of this principle is that of electromagnetic reaction, first by the French physicist A. Marie Ampere in 1820. If a current through a conductor in a magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it. See Magnetism.

The easiest way, all the dynamo-electric machine is the Faraday disk dynamo. This is a copper plate, so that a portion of the disc from the center to the edge, is between the poles of a magnet horseshoe. If the disc is rotated, a current is induced between the middle of the plate and their activities from the edge of the field of the magnet. The disc can be used as a motor, by a tension between the edge of the pane and the middle so that the rotation of the disk by the magnetic force of the reaction.

The magnetic field of a permanent magnet is strong enough to operate a small dynamo or practical engine. Consequently, for large machines, electromagnets are used. Both engines and generators consist of two units, the area of the electromagnet with its coils and the armature, the structure, the conductor, which cut the magnetic field and carry the induced current in a generator or electricity in a moving machine. The anchor is usually a laminated soft-iron core around which conducting wires are packaged in rolls.